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| Registros recuperados: 197 | |
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| Montero, Juan-Pablo. |
| This paper studies firms’ incentives to invest in environmental R&D under different market structures (Cournot and Bertrand) and environmental policy instruments (emission standards, taxes, tradable permits and auctioned permits). Because of market strategic effects, R&D incentives vary widely across market structures and instruments. For example, when firms’ products are strategic substitutes (i.e., Cournot), either emission standards, taxes or auctioned permits can provide the most incentives. But when firms’ products are strategic complements, either taxes or auctioned permits provide the most incentives. If markets are perfectly competitive, however, permits and emission standards offer similar incentives that are lower than those offered by... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Environment; Regulation; Market structure; Innovation; Marketing; Environmental Economics and Policy; L13; L50; Q28. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44294 |
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| Hoso, M.. |
| The nearly neutral theory of molecular evolution predicts that small population size is essential for non-adaptive evolution. Evolution of whole-body left-right reversal in snails is generally a compelling example of non-adaptive speciation, because variants with reversed chirality would suffer from reduced mating opportunities within a population. Despite this reproductive disadvantage, sinistral snail species have repeatedly originated from dextral ancestors in terrestrial pulmonates. Here I show that snail speciation by reversal has been accelerated on oceanic islands. Analysing the global biogeography of 995 genera across 84 stylommatophoran families, I found that the proportion of sinistral snail genera was enhanced in genera endemic to oceanic... |
| Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor |
Palavras-chave: Adaptive radiation; Evolutionary novelty; Innovation; Island area; Origin of species; 42.21. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/419171 |
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| Allen, Craig R; U.S. Geological Survey, Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; allencr@unl.edu; Holling, C. S.; Department of Zoology, University of Florida; holling@zoo.ufl.edu. |
| We present a conceptual framework that explores some of the forces creating innovation and novelty in complex systems. Understanding the sources of variability and novelty may help us better understand complex systems. Understanding complex phenomena such as invasions, migration, and nomadism may provide insight into the structure of ecosystems and other complex systems, and aid our attempts to cope with and mitigate these phenomena, in the case of invasions, and better understand and or predict them. Our model is broadly applicable to ecological theory, including community ecology, resilience, restoration, and policy. Characterizing the link between landscape change and the composition of species communities may help policymakers in their decision-making... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight |
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Cross-scale; Extinction; Innovation; Invasion; Speciation. |
| Ano: 2010 |
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| Ekboir, Javier M.; Munoz, Manrrubio; Aguilar, Jorge; Mendel, Roberto Rendon; Muniz, Jose G. Garcia; Cardenas, J. Reyes Altamirano. |
| Agricultural development policies and programs, including extension and support for innovation, implicitly assume that the whole target population has the ability to innovate. Recent research in neuroscience, education, social sciences and psychology has shown that innovative capabilities are distributed very unevenly. We explored the distribution of innovative capabilities and the ability to integrate a technological package in a sample of commercial lemon producers in Mexico. We have found that the ability to explore new techniques is different from the ability to integrate an efficient production and commercial package. The ability to explore follows an exponential distribution while integration of the package follows a bimodal distribution. The ability... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Innovation; Exploration; Participatory research; Creativity; Absorptive capabilities; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56126 |
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| Bellettini, Giorgio; Berti Ceroni, Carlotta; Prarolo, Giovanni. |
| Using data on a panel of 56 democratic countries in the period 1975-2004, we find evidence of a negative association between political stability and economic growth which is stronger and empirically more robust in countries with high bureaucratic costs. Motivated by these results, which contrast with previous contributions, we develop a model of growth with quality improvements where political connections with long-term politicians can be exploited by low-quality producers to defend their monopoly position and prevent innovation and entry of high-quality competitors. This requires that the incumbent politician remains in office and that the red-tape cost advantage granted by political connections is large relative to the quality upgrade related to... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Political Persistence; Growth; Innovation; International Development; O43. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55828 |
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| Micheels, Eric T.; Gow, Hamish R.. |
| As the economic viability of small farms continues to be an issue facing policy makers and economists alike, a market orientation may be a valuable resource producers can develop as they compete in a marketplace dominated by larger firms. Marketing and strategy scholars have long established the importance of a market orientation in determining firm performance. More recently, scholars have studied the effect of these concepts in agriculture. Extending the literature of market orientation in agriculture, this study examines the concept of a positional advantage and its effect on performance using a sample of small farms in Illinois. Using a sample of 347 Illinois beef producers, we empirically measure and test the construct of positional advantage and test... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Innovation; Market orientation; Positional advantage; Farm Management; Production Economics; L11; L25; L26. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52810 |
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| Desquilbet, Marion; Lemarie, Stephane; Levert, Fabrice. |
| In this paper, we conduct an empirical investigation of potential adoption of herbicide-tolerant (HT) genetically modified (GM) rapeseed in France. Our aim is to study ex ante the potential impact of their adoption in France, in terms of adoption level, economic gains, and distribution of these gains between farmers and input suppliers. We use French survey data about current plant protection practices, in order to compute pesticide costs with conventional (i.e., non GM) crops for individual farms. Then, based on results of technical studies about GM variety trials in France, we compute a predicted pesticide cost with the GM variety. Next, we study adoption rates and gains or losses of farmers (adopters and non adopters) and upstream companies (sellers of... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Genetically modified organisms; Innovation; Diffusion; Rapeseed; Consumer/Household Economics. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24975 |
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| Registros recuperados: 197 | |
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